The Global System for Mobile Communications (formerly Group Special Mobile, GSM) is a standard for all-digital wireless networks that are mainly used for telephony, but also for circuit switched and packet switched data transmission and short messages (Short Messages). It is the first standard of the so-called second generation (2G) to replace the analog systems of the first generation (in Germany: A network, network B, and C-net) and is the world’s most widely used digital wireless standard.
GSM was designed with the objective of providing a mobile telephone system that allowed participants a European mobility and offered with ISDN or traditional analog telephone networks compatible voice services.
In Germany, GSM is the technical basis of the D and E networks. This GSM was introduced in 1992, leading to the rapid spread of mobile phones in the 1990s. The standard is now used in 670 GSM mobile networks in 200 countries and territories around the world as mobile phone standard, representing a share of about 78 percent of all mobile subscribers. There are extensions to the standard that was added later as HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE for faster data transmission. To access the networks in a total of about 1,700 mobile phone models.
In March 2006, 1.7 billion people worldwide took advantage of GSM and every day with a million new clients – mainly from the growth markets of Africa, India, Latin America and Asia. If you add up all mobile standards, are about 2 billion people worldwide mobile phone accessible. This was announced by the GSM Association and the GSA announced in October 2005. According to Deutsche Bank were implemented in 2003 277 billion U.S. dollars with GSM technology.
The emergence of GSM
In the late 1950s took on the first analog mobile phone networks in Europe to operate, in Germany, this was the A-mains. Their service was however complicated, and they only had capacity for a few thousand participants. There were also within Europe together several different systems, although based in part on the same standard, but differed in some details. In the next generation of digital networks should a similar situation can be avoided.
first GSM phones (1991)
1982: The CEPT (European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications), the Groupe Spécial Mobile (eg working group for Mobile Communications) set up. Your task is to develop a unified pan-European mobile standard. Participants include 26 European telecommunications companies.
1985: Germany, Italy and France will sign an initial development contract for the new standard.
1987: 17 GSM network operator in-law from 15 European countries form a partnership and signed on 7 September in Copenhagen, the GSM MoU (Memorandum of Understanding).
1989: Groupe Spécial Mobile, a Technical Committee at the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), which was founded by the CEPT 1988th The project was given added impetus because were working together on the ETSI network operators, manufacturers and regulators.
1989: In Germany, received the German Federal Post Office and Mannesmann, the license, according to a network of GSM base building (the so-called D-nets).
1990: The specifications of the GSM Phase 1 of the 900 standards are frozen, ie they are not changed and can be used for the production of mobile phones and network technology.
1990: The adaptation of the specifications in the frequency range at 1800 MHz (DCS 1800) begins.
1991: Groupe Spécial Mobile will renamed the Standard Mobile Group (SMG). GSM is preserved as a term for the standard itself and now stands for Global System for Mobile Communications.
1991: Specifications for DCS 1800 are frozen.
1991: The first running systems will be presented (for example, at the fair Telecom 91).
1992: The first GSM mobile phones on the market. [1] [2]
1992: Many European GSM 900 operators begin with the commercial network launch. In summer, the networks in Germany D1 (operator: DeTeMobil German mobile telecom) and D2 (operator: Mannesmann Mobilfunk) on the operation.
2000: The GSM standardization activities will be transferred to 3GPP. The working group there is called GERAN TSG (Technical Specification Group GSM EDGE Radio Access Network).
2007: Initial proposals for the use of SIP to GSM numbers
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